The Untold Truths of a Fulfilling Life, According to Shigehiro Oishi
For years, people have debated the key to a good life. Some argue that happiness—a life filled with joy and comfort—is the ultimate goal. Others believe in the power of meaning, dedicating themselves to a purpose that leaves a lasting impact. But what if neither is enough? What if there’s a third, often overlooked, element to living a deeply satisfying life?
Psychologist Shigehiro Oishi, a professor at the University of Chicago, introduces an alternative perspective. In his book, “Life in Three Dimensions: How Curiosity, Exploration, and Experience Make for a Fuller, Better Life,” he proposes that some of the most fulfilled individuals don’t necessarily chase happiness or meaning alone.
Instead, they seek psychological richness—an existence shaped by new experiences, challenges, and thought-provoking encounters.
The Debate – Happiness vs. Meaning
Freepik | A life rich in happiness—joy, contentment, and satisfaction—is generally considered a successful one.
The pursuit of happiness has long been considered the standard measure of a successful life. Those who experience frequent joy, contentment, and personal satisfaction are often deemed to be thriving. Studies show that positive emotions, close relationships, and financial stability contribute significantly to overall happiness.
On the other hand, many argue that a meaningful life—one that contributes to society and provides a sense of significance—is more important than fleeting happiness. People who engage in meaningful activities often report a stronger sense of fulfillment, even if their lives involve sacrifices or hardships.
But can either of these paths alone truly lead to the best life possible?
Introducing Psychological Richness
Oishi suggests that there’s another dimension to fulfillment: psychological richness. Unlike happiness or meaning, this concept revolves around variety, exploration, and personal growth. A psychologically rich life is not necessarily easy or comfortable, but it is engaging and transformative.
Characteristics of a Psychologically Rich Life:
1. Exposure to diverse cultures, ideas, and experiences
2. Frequent challenges that push mental and emotional boundaries
3. Moments of deep curiosity and learning
3. The willingness to embrace uncertainty and change
4. Personal growth through both positive and negative experiences
While happiness and meaning can create stability, psychological richness adds depth, making life more interesting and dynamic.
The Role of Change and Exploration
Consider two contrasting lives: one rooted in familiarity and stability, and another marked by constant movement and change. Oishi shares a personal perspective by reflecting on his father’s life—a farmer who spent his entire existence in one town, surrounded by the same people and traditions. In contrast, Oishi himself has lived in multiple cities, studied in different countries, and continuously sought out new experiences.
“Some people find contentment in staying where they are, creating deep-rooted relationships,” he explains. “Others feel alive when they move, adapt, and discover something unfamiliar.”
Neither path is inherently superior, but for those who feel unsatisfied with the pursuit of happiness or meaning alone, psychological richness offers an alternative worth considering.
The Downsides of Prioritizing Happiness or Meaning Alone
While happiness is often seen as the ultimate goal, research suggests that it isn’t always the best indicator of a well-lived life.
The Happiness Trap
Freepik | prostooleh | Many falsely assume that career, wealth, or marriage equates to perpetual happiness.
A common misconception is that major achievements—such as career success, financial wealth, or marriage—bring lasting happiness. However, studies reveal that people tend to return to their baseline level of happiness after significant life events. This phenomenon, known as hedonic adaptation, explains why joy from promotions, material gains, or even relationships often fades over time.
“When people chase happiness as their sole focus, they sometimes experience disappointment when life’s natural ups and downs occur,” Oishi notes. “True fulfillment often comes from something deeper.”
The Challenges of a Meaning-Driven Life
On the other hand, meaning-based fulfillment isn’t always smooth sailing either. Devoting oneself to a cause can be deeply rewarding, but it can also lead to burnout, stress, and even misplaced priorities.
For example, some individuals find purpose in extreme ideologies, believing their actions contribute to something greater—only to later realize the cost of their beliefs. “People can be drawn to a sense of meaning that, in reality, may not lead to a truly fulfilling life,” Oishi warns. “It’s important to be mindful of what we define as ‘purpose.’”
How to Cultivate Psychological Richness
If a psychologically rich life sounds appealing, how can it be nurtured? Here are some ways to introduce more variety, depth, and transformation into daily life:
1. Try new experiences – Whether it’s traveling to a new place, learning a new skill, or engaging in thought-provoking conversations, stepping outside of routine can add richness to life.
2. Challenge existing beliefs – Reading diverse perspectives, questioning assumptions, and exploring unfamiliar ideas can foster intellectual and emotional growth.
3. Seek out discomfort occasionally – Facing difficult situations or overcoming obstacles can lead to profound personal development.
4. Prioritize curiosity – Instead of focusing solely on happiness or purpose, embrace curiosity as a guiding force in life decisions.
The Path to a Well-Rounded Life
While happiness and meaning have their place, psychological richness provides an additional layer of fulfillment that many overlook. A life filled with varied experiences, intellectual challenges, and unexpected turns can lead to profound satisfaction.
Oishi encourages individuals to reflect on what truly makes them feel alive. “Ask yourself—do you prefer comfort, purpose, or adventure? Your answer may reveal what kind of life will bring you the deepest sense of fulfillment.”
Ultimately, the best life is not a one-size-fits-all formula. By blending happiness, meaning, and psychological richness, you can create a life that is not only satisfying but also deeply enriching.